B 节：段落排序

本节导读

段落排序是 B 节三种备选题型中的第二种。按常见资料的说法（以当年考试大纲为准）：一篇 500600 词的文章，段落顺序被打乱，要把所列的 78 个段落排回正确顺序，其中 2~3 个段落的位置已经给出，要排的是剩下的 5 个，每题 2 分。

这种题考的是大纲阅读能力里的「理解文章结构和上下文逻辑关系」，也直接用到语篇知识里的「组织结构、衔接和连贯」。学完这一节，你应该能从每段的首句和末句里找出线索，把两段两段地「锁」在一起，再拼成全文。

五类排序线索

线索	样子	说明
时间与顺序	first、then、later、by the 1880s、a year later、today	年代和时间词最可靠，按先后排
指代	this view、the problem、such changes、these boxes	首句有指代的段落，前面一定有它所指的内容
逻辑连接	however、as a result、for example、gradually	段首连接词说明它与上一段的关系
话题推进	问题、原因、对策、结果；总述、分述、总结	文章怎么一步步往前走
首末段特征	首段引出话题、通常没有指代；末段常带 today、in short、yet	先定头尾，中间更好排

最有用的是「段首看上一段」：一段的第一句里如果有 this、that、the problem、however，它就和前一段的最后一句扣在一起。

做题步骤

1. 先读已给出位置的段落。 它们是框架：第一段说明话题，最后一段往往收束全文，中间给出的段落把文章分成几块。
2. 读剩下的段落，只抓首句和末句。 圈出每段首句里的指代词、连接词和时间词。
3. 找锁链。 两段之间如果有「指代与所指」「问题与对策」「时间先后」的关系，就把它们连起来，先排出几条两三段长的小链。
4. 把小链放进框架。 看哪条链能接在已给段落的后面，哪条能接在前面。
5. 回读。 按排好的顺序快速读一遍首句和末句，看是否一路连得上。

易错提醒

• ❌ 从第一个空位开始一段一段地硬排。✅ 先找两段必然相连的锁链，再放进框架。

• ❌ 只看段落讲的话题是否相近。✅ 话题相近的段落很多，要看首句的指代词和连接词。

• ❌ 首句带 this、however 的段落放在文章开头。✅ 这类段落前面一定还有别的段落。

• ❌ 年代顺序只看数字。✅ a year later、by then、at first 这类相对时间也要算进去。

例题精讲

下面是一篇约 540 词的原创文章（按常见资料所说的大纲 B 节篇幅编写），段落顺序已打乱。B 在第 1 位，F 在第 4 位，H 在第 8 位，请为第 2、3、5、6、7 位选出段落。

[A] Large countries faced a further difficulty. In a country several thousand kilometers wide, one single time would mean that the sun rose in the east hours before it rose in the west, while every clock showed the same hour. The answer was a set of time zones, each normally one hour apart. North American railways introduced such a system in 1883, dividing the continent into a handful of broad bands.

[B] For most of history, time was a local matter. Noon was the moment when the sun stood highest over a particular town, so the clocks of two towns only a few dozen kilometers apart might differ by several minutes. Church bells and the shadow on a sundial were the only clocks most people needed. Nobody minded, because few people traveled fast enough to notice the difference, and a traveler on horseback could simply reset his watch on arrival.

[C] To solve the problem, some railway companies began running all their trains on a single "railway time", usually that of the main city on the line. The idea was practical but awkward. A station clock in some towns had two minute hands, one showing local time and one showing the time the trains kept, and passengers had to learn which one to trust.