词汇辨析与常考搭配

本节导读

词汇辨析题的特点是：四个选项词性相同、意思相近，只有一个符合句子的意思和搭配。词汇与语法部分的 15 道题（参考，以当年大纲和公告为准）里，这一类题往往占三分之一左右，是积累型的考点，需要平时一点点记。

学完这一节，你应该能区分几组最常考的易混动词，记住常见的动词搭配和短语动词，并掌握做辨析题的顺序：先看搭配，再看意思，最后看语法（及物还是不及物、人还是物作主语）。

易混动词辨析

说和听

词	区别	例句
say	强调说出来的内容	He said that he was busy.
tell	告诉某人；讲故事、说真话	Tell me the truth.
speak	说某种语言；发言	She speaks French very well.
talk	谈话、交谈	We talked for an hour.
hear	听见（结果）	I heard a strange noise.
listen	听（动作），后面接 to	Listen to me carefully.

花费

词	主语	用法	例句
spend	人	spend time/money on sth. 或 (in) doing	I spent two hours on the report.
cost	物	cost sb. money	The book cost me ten yuan.
take	it	It takes sb. time to do sth.	It took me an hour to get there.
pay	人	pay money for sth.	I paid fifty yuan for the shirt.

带、借、赢

词	区别	例句
bring	带来（朝说话人的方向）	Please bring me a cup of water.
take	带走（离开说话人）	Take this book to Tom.
carry	携带、搬运，不强调方向	She carried a heavy bag.
borrow	借入，borrow sth. from sb.	I borrowed a book from the library.
lend	借出，lend sth. to sb.	I lent my pen to him.
win	赢得比赛或奖品	We won the game.
beat	打败某人或某队	We beat the other team.

常考的动词搭配

make、do、take、have 这几个动词本身意思很轻，它们和后面的名词搭配才有具体意思，搭配是固定的，不能用别的动词代替。

动词	常见搭配
make	make a decision, make a mistake, make progress, make an effort, make a plan
do	do homework, do business, do research, do harm（有害）
take	take a chance, take care of, take part in, take place, take effect
have	have a look, have a rest, have a talk, have a try
pay	pay attention to, pay a visit to