日常用语与常见场景

本节导读

补全对话共 5 题，每题 3 分，合计 15 分（参考，以当年大纲和公告为准）。题目给出一段日常对话，空白处要选出合适的句子补进去。这一部分考的不是难词难句，而是英语的交际习惯：什么场合说什么话，别人说了这句话，应该怎么回答。

这一节按场景整理最常用的交际用语和对应的应答。学完这一节，你应该熟悉问候、感谢、道歉、请求、邀请、建议等场合的常用说法，并知道中英文表达习惯的差异。

问候、介绍与告别

场景	常用说法	常见应答
初次见面	How do you do? / Nice to meet you.	How do you do? / Nice to meet you, too.
日常问候	How are you? / How is it going?	Fine, thanks. And you?
介绍他人	This is my friend, Tom.	Glad to meet you.
告别	See you later. / Take care. / Good night.	See you. / You too.

注意 How do you do? 只用于初次见面，回答也是 How do you do?，不能回答 I’m fine。

感谢、道歉与祝愿

场景	常用说法	常见应答
感谢	Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot.	You’re welcome. / Not at all. / My pleasure. / Don’t mention it.
道歉	I’m sorry. / Sorry to keep you waiting.	That’s all right. / It doesn’t matter. / Never mind. / No problem.
祝贺	Congratulations!	Thank you.
祝愿	Good luck! / Have a nice trip!	Thanks. / You too.

请求、许可与提供帮助

场景	常用说法	常见应答
请求帮助	Could you help me? / Can you do me a favour?	Sure. / Of course. / With pleasure. / Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.
请求许可	May I use your phone?	Sure, go ahead. / Yes, you may. / Sorry, I’d rather you didn’t.
提供帮助	Can I help you? / What can I do for you?	Yes, please. / No, thanks. I can manage.
提供饮食	Would you like some tea? / Help yourself.	Yes, please. / No, thanks.

特别要注意 Would you mind…? 和 Do you mind…? 的回答：这两个问句问的是「你介意吗」，同意时要用否定回答，不同意时用肯定回答。

意思	常用回答
同意（不介意）	No, not at all. / Of course not. / Certainly not. / No, go ahead.
不同意（介意）	I’m sorry, but… / Yes, I do. I’m afraid you can’t.

邀请、建议与同意

场景	常用说法	常见应答
邀请	Would you like to come to my party? / How about going to the movies?	I’d love to. / That sounds great. / I’d like to, but I have to…
建议	Why not take a rest? / You’d better see a doctor.	Good idea. / That’s a good suggestion.
同意	I agree. / Exactly. / That’s right.
不同意	I don’t think so. / I’m afraid I can’t agree.
选择	Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?	I prefer tea. / Either will do.