介词与介词短语
区分表示时间和地点的常用介词,记住形容词、动词、名词与介词的固定搭配,以及 in spite of、because of 等介词短语。
本节导读
介词数量不多,却是词汇与语法部分的稳定考点。常见的考法是在空格里选一个介词,要么考时间、地点介词的区别,要么考固定搭配(be good at, depend on 这一类)。
介词没有太多道理可讲,关键是「成组记忆」:把同类的搭配放在一起背,每个搭配配一个例句。学完这一节,你应该能分清 at、on、in 在时间和地点上的用法,记住最常用的一批搭配和介词短语。
表示时间的介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 钟点、时刻、节日 | at 6 o'clock, at noon, at night, at Christmas |
| on | 具体的某一天,某天的上午、下午 | on Monday, on May 1st, on Sunday morning |
| in | 年、月、季节,一天中较长的时段 | in 2024, in May, in summer, in the morning |
| for | 后接一段时间 | for two years |
| since | 后接时间点,常和完成时连用 | since 2020 |
| by | 不迟于某时(动作在此前完成) | I will finish it by Friday. |
| until | 直到某时(动作持续到那时) | I waited until six. |
| during | 在……期间,后接名词 | during the holiday |
in 和 after 都可以接一段时间,区别是:in two days 用于将来,意思是「两天以后」;after two days 多用于过去,如 He came back after two days.(两天以后他回来了)。
表示地点和方式的介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 较小的地点或一个点 | at the station, at home, at school |
| in | 较大的地点或空间内部 | in Beijing, in the room |
| on | 表面接触 | on the wall, on the table |
| above, over, under | above 在上方,over 在正上方,under 在正下方 | a lamp over the desk |
| between, among | between 指两者之间,among 指三者以上之中 | between you and me |
| across, through | across 横穿,through 从内部穿过 | across the river, through the forest |
| by, with, in | 方式:交通工具、工具、语言 | by bus, with a knife, in English |
形容词与介词的搭配
| 搭配 | 意思 | 搭配 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be good at | 擅长 | be afraid of | 害怕 |
| be proud of | 为……骄傲 | be famous for | 因……出名 |
| be interested in | 对……感兴趣 | be different from | 与……不同 |
| be late for | 迟到 | be full of | 充满 |
| be angry with sb. | 生某人的气 | be tired of | 厌倦 |
| be responsible for | 对……负责 | be satisfied with | 对……满意 |
| be absent from | 缺席 | be fond of | 喜爱 |
动词、名词与介词的搭配
| 搭配 | 意思 | 搭配 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| depend on | 依靠 | look for | 寻找 |
| agree with sb. | 同意某人 | wait for | 等待 |
| thank sb. for | 为……感谢某人 | prevent sb. from doing | 阻止某人做 |
| suffer from | 遭受 | succeed in | 在……成功 |
| insist on | 坚持 | pay for | 为……付钱 |
| belong to | 属于 | refer to | 提到、参考 |
名词与介词的搭配也要成组记:a reason for(……的原因)、the key to(……的关键)、an increase in(……的增长)、a demand for(对……的需求)、the difference between(……之间的差别)、an attitude to(对……的态度)。
常见的介词短语
| 短语 | 意思 | 短语 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in spite of | 尽管 | because of | 因为 |
| thanks to | 多亏 | instead of | 代替 |
| apart from | 除……之外 | according to | 根据 |
| in front of | 在……前面 | by the way | 顺便说一下 |
| on the whole | 总的来说 | by mistake | 错误地 |
有几组容易混的短语:in time 是「及时(赶得上)」,on time 是「准时(按照时间表)」;in the end 是「最后(单独使用)」,at the end of 是「在……的末尾(后面要接名词)」。
易错提醒
-
❌ I was born on 1998. ✅ I was born in 1998. 因为年份前用 in。
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❌ He is good in English. ✅ He is good at English. 因为「擅长」的固定搭配是 be good at。
-
❌ I will be back in Monday. ✅ I will be back on Monday. 因为具体的某一天前用 on。
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❌ I have lived here from 2018. ✅ I have lived here since 2018. 因为表示「自从某个时间点起」用 since,不用 from。
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❌ She is married with a doctor. ✅ She is married to a doctor. 因为「与某人结婚」的搭配是 be married to。
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❌ We discussed about the plan. ✅ We discussed the plan. 因为 discuss 是及物动词,后面不加 about。
例题精讲
例 1 The meeting will begin ___ ten minutes.
- A. in
- B. at
- C. since
- D. for
答案:A。 表示「过多久之后」,用 in 加一段时间,动词是将来时。since 后面接时间点,for 表示持续的时间,at 接具体时刻。
例 2 He has been absent ___ school for three days.
- A. in
- B. at
- C. from
- D. on
答案:C。 be absent from 的意思是「缺席」,是固定搭配。
例 3 The match was held as planned ___ the heavy rain.
- A. because of
- B. in spite of
- C. thanks to
- D. instead of
答案:B。 比赛照常举行与大雨形成转折,用 in spite of(尽管)。because of 表示原因,thanks to 表示感谢,instead of 表示代替,都不合逻辑。
本节小结
- 时间介词:at 接时刻,on 接具体某天,in 接年月季节和较长时段;by 表示不迟于,until 表示持续到。
- 地点介词:at 接小地点,in 接大地点和内部,on 接表面;between 用于两者,among 用于三者以上。
- 形容词搭配如 be good at、be afraid of、be famous for,要整体记忆,并配例句。
- 动词搭配如 depend on、prevent sb. from doing、succeed in,不能随意替换介词。
- 介词短语 in spite of、because of、thanks to 的区别要看句子的逻辑关系。
学完练一练
按本节考点从题库「专升本 · 外语」里抽题(每次 10 道以内),做完看解析、错题自动进错题本。
本节内容由 AI 辅助编写,配图由 AI 生成,仅供备考参考;考试要求以《全国各类成人高等学校招生考试大纲(2024 年版)》及浙江省教育考试院当年公布为准。