疑问句与反意疑问句

本节导读

疑问句是日常交流里用得最多的句型，在考试里主要有三种考法：给出答句，选合适的疑问词；给出一个陈述句，补全后面的附加疑问；以及判断疑问句的语序是否正确。反意疑问句规则较多，是这一节的重点。

学完这一节，你应该能把陈述句改成一般疑问句，会按语序组成特殊疑问句，并能按规则写出反意疑问句的附加部分。

一般疑问句

一般疑问句用 Yes 或 No 回答。构成方法是把 be 动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前面，实义动词用原形。

陈述句	一般疑问句	回答
She is a teacher.	Is she a teacher?	Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
He likes music.	Does he like music?	Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
They went home.	Did they go home?	Yes, they did. / No, they didn't.
I can swim.	Can you swim?	Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
She has finished.	Has she finished?	Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.

改成疑问句时，人称要随之变化：问句里的 you 对应回答里的 I。

特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句以疑问词开头，后面是一般疑问句的语序，即「疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词」，例如 Where do you live? 不能写成 Where you live?

疑问词	询问的内容	例句
who	谁	Who is that man?
whose	谁的	Whose bag is this?
what	什么	What do you do?
which	哪一个（在一定范围内）	Which do you like, tea or coffee?
when, where, why	时间、地点、原因	Why are you late?
how	怎样，方式	How do you go to work?
how many, how much	多少（可数 / 不可数或价格）	How much is it?
how long, how often, how far	多长，多久一次，多远	How often do you exercise?

疑问词本身作主语时，语序和陈述句一样，不需要助动词：Who broke the window? 不能写成 Who did break the window?

特殊疑问句的回答不能用 Yes 或 No，要针对问题直接回答：How often do you exercise? — Twice a week.

选择疑问句

选择疑问句给出两个或两个以上的选项让对方选择，用 or 连接，语序和一般疑问句一样。回答时不能用 Yes 或 No，要直接选择。

Do you want tea or coffee?
你想喝茶还是咖啡？

Tea, please.
请给我茶。

反意疑问句

反意疑问句由两部分组成：前面是一个陈述句，后面是一个简短的附加问句，用来向对方核实自己的看法。规则是「前肯后否，前否后肯」。

You like music, don't you?
你喜欢音乐，对吗？

He isn't a teacher, is he?
他不是老师，对吧？

附加问句的动词要和前面陈述句的时态、动词类型保持一致，主语用人称代词：

陈述部分	附加问句
He is a teacher.	isn't he?
She likes tea.	doesn't she?
They left early.	didn't they?
You can swim.	can't you?
You have finished.	haven't you?