日常交际用语

本节导读

补全对话部分一共 5 个空，要从 7 个选项中选出 5 个补全一段对话（七选五；参考，以当年大纲为准）。它考的是日常交际用语：别人这样问，你该怎样回答。这类题没有太多语法，靠的是对常见场景的熟悉程度。

这一节把常见场景的固定问答整理成表，重点讲「征求许可」。学完以后，你应该能说出常见场景里的问答搭配，会用 May I...? 一类句型提出请求，并能正确回答 Do you mind...? 的问句。

常见场景的固定问答

问候、感谢、道歉与祝愿

场景	常用说法	常见回答
初次见面	How do you do? / Nice to meet you.	How do you do? / Nice to meet you, too.
日常问候	How are you?	Fine, thank you. And you?
感谢	Thank you (very much).	You're welcome. / Not at all. / My pleasure.
道歉	I'm sorry. / Sorry I'm late.	That's all right. / It doesn't matter. / Never mind.
告别	See you tomorrow. / Goodbye.	See you. / Bye.
祝愿	Happy birthday! / Good luck! / Have a good trip!	Thank you. / The same to you.（只回新年、节日这类双方都适用的祝福，生日祝福不能这样回）

How do you do? 是初次见面时的问候语，回答也是 How do you do?，不用回答 Fine。

邀请、帮助、请求与建议

场景	常用说法	肯定回答	否定回答
邀请	Would you like to come to my party?	Yes, I'd love to. / With pleasure.	I'd love to, but I'm busy.
提供帮助	Can I help you? / Shall I carry it?	Yes, please. / That's very kind of you.	No, thanks. I can manage.
请求	Could you open the window?	Certainly. / Sure. / No problem.	Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid not.
建议	Why not go by bus? / How about a walk?	Good idea. / That sounds great.	I'd rather not.
赞扬	You look nice today. / Well done!	Thank you. / Thanks for saying so.

打电话、问路、购物、看病

场景	常用说法
打电话	Hello, this is Tom speaking. May I speak to Mary? — Hold on, please. / Speaking.
问路	Excuse me, how can I get to the station? — Go straight and turn left.
购物	How much is it? / Can I try it on? / I'll take it.
看病	What's wrong? / You'd better see a doctor. / Take care.
时间和天气	What time is it? / What's the weather like today?

征求许可

常用句型

句型	语气	例句
May I...?	比较正式、客气	May I come in?
Can I...?	口语、随便	Can I use your phone?
Could I...?	更委婉	Could I borrow your pen?
Do you mind if I...?	你介意我……吗	Do you mind if I open the window?
Would you mind my doing...?	同上，更客气	Would you mind my opening the window?

怎样回答

回答 May I...? 一类的问句，同意和不同意的说法如下：